Several are labeled as severely wounded, while defender James Nowlan is listed as dangerously wounded. Whether any of these men survived until the March 6, 1836, final assault is unknown. Lindley (2003). The plaque for the second pyre has disappeared. USAA wants some remote employees in the office three days Jury takes an hour to reach verdict over deal at Port S.A. Texas Vista owner has threatened hospital shutdown before. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. The ashes were then placed in a marble tomb and displayed near the entrance of the cathedral, where they remain today. Although there had been previous plans for Alamo monuments, starting in the late 1800s, the Alamo Cenotaph was the first such erected in San Antonio. Groneman (1990), p. 97; Nofi (1992), pp. The odor was more sickening than that from the corpses in the river. 8182. The most notable group from Gonzales in the final days was the Gonzales Mounted Ranger Company, nicknamed the Immortal 32 in later decades, although the exact head count of that company varies by source. They chose never to surrender nor retreat; these brave hearts, with flag still proudly waving, perished in the flames of immortality that their high sacrifice might lead to the founding of this Texas.[5]. Alamo | Description, Battle, & Facts | Britannica The Alamo Mission in San Antonia, often referred to simply as The Alamo, is a former Spanish mission built in San Antonio, Texas. Battle of the Alamo - HISTORY Groneman (1990), p. 49; Moore (2007), p. 100. de la Teja (1991), pp. The original version of this story misstated the name of the President of Mexico in 1835. Were they among the remains unearthed by archaeologists in December 2019 and January 2020? Todish (1998), p. 85; Moore (2007), p. 100.; Davis (2004), p. 143; Todish et al. Three volleys and the blowing of taps ended the ceremony. Key Players/Participants: Santa Anna (president of Mexico), William Travis, Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie Event Date: March 6, 1836 (Slaves identified by last names of their masters), Died June 1836 of wounds incurred during the battle or during his escape, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:08. The Mexicans, however, couldn't hold their ground. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. Samuel H. Walker. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 76. He sent a company of dragoons with me to bring wood and dry branches from the neighboring forests. Amos (ancient city) - Wikipedia Colonel Juan Nepmuceno Segun, military commander of San Antonio, presides over the burial of the Alamo defenders' ashes. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 109. He was both a soldier and politician, becoming Mayor of San Antonio in 1841. This Monday, March 6, marks the anniversary of the fall of the Alamo outside of San Antonio, Texas, back in 1836. U.S. Army Capt. In 1889 he recalled having had the ashes buried within San Antonios San Fernando Cathedral, in front of the altar railings, but very near the altar steps. Jos Mara Rodriguez, who witnessed the storming of the Alamo as a child, later expressed doubt the ashes had been buried inside the sanctuary without the common knowledge of his fellow parishioners, though a marble sarcophagus just inside the entrance of the present-day cathedral supposedly holds those ashes. Purported to hold the ashes of Travis, Bowie and Crockett, some have doubted it can be proven whose remains are entombed there.[14]. Board signals it will keep reference to 'heroic' Alamo defenders in In the collective memory of the Alamos last stand saga there is perhaps no image more poignant or powerful than that of the Texian dead being consumed on March 6, 1836, by massive funeral pyres. Travis ignored multiple warnings of Santa Annas approach and was simply trapped in the Alamo when the Mexican army arrived. In 1995, it was placed on a rock wall further west on Commerce Street, with a bronze plaque explaining the move. 53, 58 "Efficient in the Cause" (Stephen L. Harden); Lindley (2003), pp. But the 1999 UTSA report said research indicates the only place that can safely be eliminated from contention is beneath the Cenotaph, even though it is the place most tourists assume is the site of their burial. The Post or Springfield House, on the south side of Commerce Street, was replaced by the Halff Building, which was later demolished in 1967 for a HemisFair river extension. So why does any of this matter? The siege of the Alamo lasted for 13 days, from Feb. 23 to March 6, 1836, when the Mexican army surrounded and attacked the Alamo. Groneman (1990), p. 76; Green (1988), p. 500; Lindley (2003), p. 91; Moore (2007), p. 100. Lindley (2003), p. 143; Groneman (1990), p. 80. This event is so significant in my mind that I always try to devote a column that honors the heroism of these men on or around the anniversary of the occasion. Now It's Time to Correct the Record. The Tejanos key contributions to early Texas were written out of almost all early Anglo-authored histories, much as Anglo Texans ran Tejanos out of San Antonio and much of South Texas after the revolt. The Alamo Cenotaph, also known as The Spirit of Sacrifice, is a monument in San Antonio, Texas, United States, commemorating the Battle of the Alamo of the Texas Revolution, which was fought at the adjacent Alamo Mission. We want men and provisions. Francisco Antonio Ruiz, the alcalde, later recalled in an account for the 1860 Texas Almanac that Gen. Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna assigned a company of dragoons to build a pyre. The Battle of the Alamo during Texas' war for independence from Mexico lasted thirteen days, from February 23, 1836-March 6, 1836. The Alamo is most famous as the site of the Battle of . and the bones and ashes of the Alamo dead still in visible piles were shoveled into a large coffin and secretly buried under the altar of what is now the San Fernando Cathedral. He left an equally important written account of what he observed at the Alamo in a 1906 manuscript titled A Narrative of Military Experience in Several Capacities., The church seemed to have been the last stronghold, Everett wrote, and amidst the debris of its stone roof, when subsequently cleared away, were found parts of skeletons, copper balls and other articles, mementos of the siege. The artist noted the reverence with which he and fellow soldiers regarded the Alamo. 2023 TIME USA, LLC. We may have uncovered remnants of a possible coffin, Nichols wrote. Defenders of the Alamo are defined as those who fought and died during the final battle on March 6, 1836. Walk among legends in Cavalry Courtyard where six additional beautiful sculpted bronze statues commemorate the historic past. In 1835, colonists from the United States joined with Tejanos (Mexicans born in Texas) in putting up armed resistance to the centralization of the Mexican government. Scott Huddleston / San Antonio Express-News. The fact that many Tejanos Texas Latinos allied with the Americans, and fought and died alongside them at the Alamo, has generally been lost to popular history. A year later the Texans were in control of San Antonio, and the bones and ashes of the Alamo dead -- still in visible piles -- were shoveled into a large coffin and secretly buried under the altar of what is now the San Fernando Cathedral. By most accounts, most or all of the corpses are believed to have been burned along the Alameda, a dirt road running along rows of cottonwood trees, where Commerce Street is now a major. 2021; Moore (2004), p. 457. Whether William Travis ever drew his "line in the dust" doesn't . 503504; Groneman (1990), p. 101. School districts to pay millions as bond debt program Man suspected of serial arson in far south Bexar County area, San Antonio man who shot Good Samaritan sentenced, New Alamo Collections Center named for local philanthropist. Among the defenders that day was Davy Crockett, a former . The 1900 Census lists Samuel Ludlow, his wife, daughter, mother-in-law, and nine boarders at 309 Commerce St. Henry Woodson Strong scouted for famed Indian fighter Ranald S. Mackenzie. [22] He devoted a chapter to deconstructing Williams' research as "misrepresentation, alteration, and fabrication of data",[23] criticizing her sole reliance on the military land grants without checking through the muster lists to identify the combatants. The Alamo Alamo Defender's Ashes - Sons of DeWitt Colony The "remains" at the San Fernando Cathedral were placed in . Most Tejanos evacuated from the fortress about February 25, either as part of the amnesty, or as a part of Juan Segun's company of courier scouts on their last run. Built by Spanish missionaries during the eighteenth century, the Alamo was constructed as mission and fortress for converting Native Americans to Christianity. In the aftermath of the Texas Revolution travelers to San Antonio were drawn to the site of the celebrated Battle of the Alamo. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 110. Lindley (2003), p. 148; Jackson, Wheat (2005), pp. Final reinforcements were able to enter the Alamo during March 14, most of them from Gonzales which had become a recruitment camp. The 25 weirdest attractions in San Antonio that are worth visiting The event is free and open to the public. Mystery surrounds remains of Alamo fallen - San Antonio Express-News There are many people who were at the Alamo prior to that day who are not part of the Defenders list, including couriers sent out during the siege to inform the rest of Texas and the world of what was happening at the Alamo. Many of these men bravely fought in other battles of the Texas Revolution and should be honored as heroes, but they are not considered part of the list of Alamo Defenders. 374, 377. A Strong-willed Texan Scout Joined the Confederacy at 15. The story of the Alamo is a "heroic Anglo narrative." In the last 40 years, it has been disputed in many books, and it isn't as pretty as many Anglo writers depict. At 4 o'clock on the morning of March 6, 1836, Santa Anna advanced his men to within 200 yards of the Alamo's walls. In 1868 Reuben M. Potter, whose retrospective article The Fall of the Alamo was published in that years Texas Almanac, noted the burial site is now densely built over, and its identity is irrevocably lost. Get your history fix in one place: sign up for the weekly TIME History newsletter. He led the only Tejano unit present at the Battle of San Jacinto where Santa Anna was defeated, and independence was eventually attained. 7273, 105. corporation. [14] Identifying the combatants [ edit] Todish (1998), p. 76; Groneman (1990), pp. Deep down in the debris, Corner wrote, were found two or three skeletons that had evidently been hastily covered with rubbish after the fall, for with them were found fur caps and buckskin trappings, undoubted relics of the ever memorable last stand. He dates the discovery to the 184954 tenure of Major Edwin Burr Babbitt of the Quartermaster Corps, who oversaw the construction of a wooden roof on the chapel, as well as a second floor and the iconic hump atop the Alamo facade. In the fall of 1837, he collected and interred the remains of the Alamo defenders. operated by Alamo Trust, Inc., a Texas non-profit In the end, the siege at the Alamo ended up costing him all of four days. A marble plaque in the 600 block of East Commerce Street, next to a street-level pedestrian bridge over the River Walk and across the street from the Shops at Rivercenter mall parking garage, marks the general area where two funeral pyres are believed to have burned after the 1836 Battle of the Alamo. Explore their histories here. The artist is convinced she found at least one other clue as to the identity of the deceased. A muster roll of the final day of the battle does not exist, and therefore historians reconstruct the list of Defenders from available information. Alamo historians and curators continue their research to ensure that all men who died at the Alamo are honored. Give us assistance. It's Time to Correct the Myths About the Battle of Alamo | Time In time, as we know now, they put away their suitcases and brought out their guns. History is who we are and why we are the way we are.. Legend would later credit West with sending word of San Anna's whereabouts to Houston and then entertaining the Mexican general, distracting him enough that Houston's troops swept in at San Jacinto and defeated the Mexican army. 4.Texians formed a square in the middle of the prairie and attempted to defend their position. [Note 1] Over the course of the next several days, new volunteers arrived inside the fortress while others were sent out as couriers, to forage for food, or to buy supplies. More from TIME History The History You Didnt Learn: Black Wall Streets. But the many myths surrounding Texas birth, especially those cloaking the fabled 1836 siege at the Alamo mission in San Antonio, remain cherished in the state. 5354; Lindley (2003), p. 144; Moore (2007), p. 100. Groneman (1990), p. 53; Moore (2007), p. 100. This event is so significant in my mind that I always try to devote a column that honors the heroism of these men on or around the anniversary of the occasion. Copyright 1996-2023 Doug Kirby, Ken Smith, Mike Wilkins. Among those buried in the mission compound before or during the 13-day siege may be men who succumbed to wounds suffered during the December 1835 Siege of Bxar. [13] In the following decades, the public wanted to know the location of the burial site, but Segun gave conflicting statements, perceived as due to age-related memory problems. [10] At 5:30a.m. on March 6, the Mexican army began the final siege. In his diary, Mexican Lt. Col. Jos Enrique de la Pea wrote that within a few hours a funeral pyre rendered into ashes those men who had met their ends in combat.. It was probably connected with Lindos which is supported by epigraphic finds from that city. This article was published in the February 2021 issue ofWild West. In 1835, colonists from the United States joined with Tejanos (Mexicans born . The Hon. Meanwhile, further evidence strongly suggests other Alamo defenders may have escaped Santa Annas funeral pyres. Battle Of The Alamo - HistoryNet [6] When the Mexican Army of Operations under the command of Santa Anna arrived in Bxar with 1,500 troops on February 23, the remaining Alamo garrison numbered 150. 2023 Nonprofit journalism for an informed community. Regardless, there will always be the terrible glory of sacrifice to remember in those flames. Groneman (1990), p. 47; Edmondson (2000), p. 371. Mass Grave of the Alamo Defenders. - Texas Escapes The Ghosts of San Fernando Cathedral in San Antonio - Ghost City Tours Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 25; Moore (2007), p. 100. Bodies of fallen Mexican soldiers were buried or dumped in the San Antonio River. Lindley (2003), p. 90; Groneman (1990), pp. (Image credit: Dean Fikar via Getty Images) The discovery of three. Seguin remained in the army after the revolution. Until recent decades, accounts of Tejano participation in the Texas revolution were notably absent, but historians such as Timothy M. Matovina[26] and Jess F. de la Teja[27] have helped add that missing perspective to the battle's events. One, a marble plaque, had been placed through De Zavalas efforts at the Halff Building, then moved to its current location in 1995. Death united in one place both friends and enemies, recalled Mexican Colonel Jos Enrique de la Pea of that hellish day, adding, within a few hours a funeral pyre rendered into ashes those men who moments before had been so brave that in a blind fury they had unselfishly offered their lives and had met their ends in combat.. Susannah Dickinson and her daughter, Angelina Dickinson, moved to Bxar with her husband, Almeron, in February 1836. The Alamo installed thesestunning bronze sculptures of historical figures from the Texas Revolution in our Cavalry Courtyard. Amid the ruins local guides would point out the spot where Crockett supposedly fell or the room where Mexican soldiers slew Bowie in his sickbed. 15 Facts About the Battle of the Alamo - ThoughtCo Defenders of the Alamo are defined as those who fought and died during the final battle on March 6, 1836. Whoops! Even as the nation is undergoing a sweeping reassessment of its racial history, and despite decades of academic research that casts the Texas Revolt and the Alamos siege in a new light, little of this has permeated the conversation in Texas. Time had not yet given perspective to the event of the fall of the Alamo nor had it placed highlights upon the sublime death of its defenders.. These include muster roles from the Alamo prior to the Battle, newspaper reports, first-hand accounts of people who were at the Alamo before and during the Battle, land grant claims by descendants of the Alamo Defenders, and other historical evidence. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Todish (1998), p. 81. Free The Alamo Background Photos, [100+] The Alamo Background for FREE Green (1988), pp. It's easy to unsubscribe if we're not a good fit for you. Phone: 210-227-1297 Admission: Free "We are honored to partner with the San Antonio Living History Association to present this meaningful ceremony, and to invite the community to join us in paying tribute to the Alamo Defenders." The Dawn at the Alamo event will take place from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m. on Monday, March 6, 2023, in Alamo Plaza. Reuben M. Potter, who was in San Antonio shortly before the Civil War, later wrote in 1878 that the rude landmarks which once designated the place had long since disappeared. San Antonio is incorporated and Bxar County is created. It has yet to undergo DNA testing. 3. St. Joseph Catholic Church on East Commerce Street has been identified as a site close to an Alamo funeral pyre. His definitive cry, "Victory or Death," ensured that Texans remembered the Alamo. The old house stands, ramshackle and deserted, on East Commerce Street, just a little beyond St. Josephs church. Since the Sanborn map of 1895 shows both the Ludlow House and the Springfield House, it was an excellent map to use as the base map for the location of the pyres. Alamo researcher Sarah Reveley, a member of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas who has studied information on the pyres and historic maps, believes the two most credible pyre sites are both in downtown parking garages the Ludlow site on the western end of the Shops at Rivercenter garage, and the Springfield site in the area the citys Convention Center garage at 850 E. Commerce St. As for possible burial sites of defenders remains, the location of the oft-cited peach orchard has not been identified. This, by and large, is not the Texas history many of us learned in school; instead, we learned a tale written by Anglo historians beginning in the 19th century. Nothing is wanted but money, he wrote in a pair of 1832 letters, and Negros are necessary to make it. Each time a Mexican government threatened to outlaw slavery, many in Austins colony began packing to go home. 910. Based on the 1836 standoff between a group of Texan and Tejano men, led by Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, and Mexican dictator Santa Anna's forces at the Alamo in San Antonio Texas. 6061, 66; Todish (1998), p. 89; Lindley (2003), p. 133. New York's Defenders Of The Alamo - Government of New York Lindley (2003), p. 90; Groneman (1990), pp. 7273; Moore (2004), p. 60. When the government tries to collect taxes, they shoot and kill American soldiers. A bout a mile from the site of the Alamo and Pompeo Coppini 's grand cenotaph, is a modest plot in the Oddfellows Cemetery, one of the old San Antonio city cemeteries. Create Your Own Bizarre Road Trips! He has been a reporter at the Express-News since 1985, covering a variety of issues, including public safety, criminal justice, flooding, transportation, military, water and the environment. C. Neill, Left after February 25, later served as a baggage guard at the Battle of San Jacinto, Entered March 1 or 4 Gonzales Mounted Ranger Company; namesake of. We respected it as a historical relicand as such its characteristics were not marred by us.. When the building was demolished in 1968 for the extension of the paseo del rio, Bill Sinkin and his wife, the building owners then, removed one of the plaques and stored it for safekeeping. If youre looking at the Alamo as a kind of state religion, this is the original sin, says San Antonio art historian Ruben Cordova. San Antonio remained a Mexican town. David Crockett was a frontiersman who became a well-known politician and humorist in early 19th century America. Whats the harm in Texans simply embracing a myth? It was only during the siege that the Texas Congress declared an independent Republic of Texas. Inside the lid, he had the names of Travis, Bowie and . No concentrations of ash or charcoal were found. Bowie and Travis served as co-commanders of the Alamo until Bowie became so ill that he was confined to his sickbed, where he was killed in the famous battle on March 6, 1836. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our, Digital . Groneman (1990), p. 80; Moore (2007), p. 100. The Battle of the Alamo (February 23 March 6, 1836) was a crucial conflict of the Texas Revolution. A graduate of the University of Texas at Austin, she retired from a career in commercial interior Last entry is 15 minutes prior to closing, The Alamo is the property of the State of Texas, and The third attack overwhelmed the defenses of the weak north wall. This is a carousel. Groneman (2001), p. 1; Lindley (2003), pp. What happened in the past cant change. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 32; Moore (2007), p. 100. A 1999 report, Historical and Archaeological Investigations at the Site of Rivercenter Mall (Las Tiendas), by Anne Fox and Marcie Renner, included a chapter titled, Searching for the Funeral Pyre.. Lord (1961), p. 217; Todish (1998), p. 83. Did Davy Crockett Die in Battle at the Alamo? - ThoughtCo Issuance was dependent upon the military muster lists and either the veterans or their heirs filing a claim, a process that required an upfront fee to complete. Battle of the Alamo: Background, events and aftermath Skeletons in Buckskin at the Alamo - HistoryNet Esparza's brother Francisco was a soldier in the Mexican army and received permission from Santa Anna for a Christian burial. Further complicating the search for answers is the fact that some of the remains unearthed on the battleground date from the earlier Spanish mission period. The locations of the pyres have been described in personal accounts but have not been archaeologically confirmed. Poyo (1996), p. 54, "Efficient in the Cause" (Stephen L. Harden). No. Spoffordwrote, For myself, on the last anniversary of the event, standing by the site of the funeral pyre of the Texans the victims of the Alamo, for their ashes blown to the four winds, have extended their fame throughout the world, wherever the martyred brave are honored, wherever there is a recompense in human gratitude for heroic deeds.. These were located on what was then known as the Alameda, or Cottonwood grove roadway. Dr. James Barnard, a Texan transported from Goliad to treat the Mexican wounded, recalled seeing remnants of a pyre about a hundred rods, or 550 yards, from the Alamo church. 2829, 3943, 46, 51; Moore (2007), p. 100; Lindley (2003), p. 98. The overall markers and indicators suggest that it was European. 94, 112; Moore (2004), p. 60. In the first place, the eyebrows, the nose and the cheekbones are all broken off, Danning notes, so what youre looking at is the overall shape of the cranial bowl and the thickness of the skull. Mexican Colonel Juan Almonte, Santa Anna's aide-de-camp, recorded the Texian fatality toll as 250 in his March 6 journal entry. In an internal email dated Dec. 4, 2019, archaeologist Kristi Miller Nichols noted the discovery of the remains of three people during excavation work within the Alamo chapel. At one point the Ludlow House was the home of the Salvation Army chapel, and an old photo shows the plaque on the building then. In 1883 the state of Texas purchased the Alamo, and in 1903 it acquired the title to the remainder of the old mission grounds. More by Sarah Reveley. There, nearly a year after the battle, local authorities had the ashes of the Texian defenders scooped into a lone coffin and interred with military honors. Groneman (1990), p. 22; Moore (2007), p. 100. The battle, in fact, should never have been fought. Alamo Defenders Burial Oration --1837 - Sons of DeWitt Colony Historical experts have said the remains are not likely Alamo defenders, but possibly fallen participants of the 1813 Battle of Rosillo. Regardless, what became of those Alamo skeletons in buckskin? DNA tests may provide the answers. After the battle, and Almeron's death,they were freed to spread the word of what had happened at the Alamo. Terry Scott Bertling / San Antonio Express-News. p. 236; Todish (1998), p. 85. Lindley (2003), p. 143; Groneman (1990), pp. When the U.S. insists they follow American laws and pay American taxes, they refuse. Lindley (2003), p. 143; Groneman (1990), p. 24. A marker on the outside wall of San Fernando Cathedral says remains of Alamo Heroes are entombed inside the cathedral near the entrance. [4], Erected in memory of the heroes who sacrificed their lives at the Alamo, March 6, 1836, in the defense of Texas. Bernard, a Texian captive whod been spared execution at Goliad, documented the Mexican armys departure from San Antonio. View Source Suggest Edits Memorial Photos Flowers Memorials Region North America USA Texas Bexar County San Antonio The Alamo Defenders of the Alamo Memorial Maintained by: Find a Grave Added: 22 Aug 2000 Youre a Mexican, and always will be. Which begs the question, What happened to the skeletal remains Everett mentioned? 5254, 100. The skull resides at the Center for Archaeological Research on the University of Texas San Antonio campus. Marking it were four cuts possibly inflicted by a knife or saber. Some were recent immigrants from the United States, or even from Europe, and had joined the cause to defend Texas liberty. The deaths of these "Martyrs to Texas Independence" inspired greater resistance to Santa Anna's regime, and the cry "Remember the Alamo" became the rallying point of the Texas Revolution. R.A. Gillespie and Capt. Credits, Media/Business Inquiries Santa Anna, after the Mexicans were taken out, ordered wood to be brought to burn the bodies of the Texans Ruiz wrote. On March 28, 1837, an official public ceremony was conducted to give a Christian burial to the ashes. A chain-enclosed 10-foot-square area there marks the site where Biesenbach said defenders remains were buried, midway between the monuments of two Texas Rangers Capt. Archaeologists have found three graves containing human remains inside the historic Alamo Mission in central San Antonio, Texas. An Alamo master plan under development for the city, Texas General Land Office and nonprofit Alamo Endowment includes a proposal to repair the Cenotaph and relocate it, possibly to a pocket park along Market Street, on the south end of the pedestrian bridge, in proximity to the Ludlow and Springfield sites. Most historians discount Drossaerts claim, although some have suggested the remains could be those of the fallen from the 1813 Battle of Rosillo, fought in defiance of Spanish rule. Even the notion they fought to the last man turns out to be untrue. In all probability the military buried them out of respect. Santa Anna's Mexican army killed virtually all of the roughly 200 Texans (or Texians) defending the Alamo, including their leaders, Colonels William B. Travis and James Bowie, and the legendary. Regarded by Texian rebels as sacrilege, his ruthless action only served to highlight the sacrifice the Alamo defenders had made toward the revolutionary cause, ensuring their martyrdom. In December of 1835, a group of Texan volunteer soldiers had. [24] In lieu of service pay, the cash-poor Republic of Texas adopted the system of military land grants. There is no evidence Davy Crockett went down fighting, as John Wayne famously did in his 1960 movie The Alamo, a font of misinformation; there is ample testimony from Mexican soldiers that Crockett surrendered and was executed.
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