Goodin (2004) highlights that there is a tension between including members from different groups and subgroups on the one hand, and the practical ability to debate in the legislature thus rob them of the possibility of substantively represent their particular subgroup. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. On the benefit side, intersectionality, welfare state and democratization seem to deliver several of the same goods as descriptive representation, raising the question of whether descriptive representation is at all recommendable, given what we know of its costliness. While this is an enormous step, indicative of progression, corrupt politicians many times can use such incentives to implement manipulative and unscrupulous tactics to gain support from minority groups. . Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. (1999). Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. References. (DOC) Discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and Subject materials can be evaluated with greater detail. Diagnostic analytics gives the reason why something happened. Her work has appeared on various digital properties, including USAToday.com. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Tannen, D. (1994). That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. It occurs when two or more parties are represented by the same real estate brokerage. 8. Despite of this diversity the American communities have been marginalized since forever. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. The politics of presence. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Minow, M. (1991). Does the representative look like, have common interests with, or share certain experiences with the represented? Citizenship, Gender and Diversity. Firms, boards and gender quotas: Comparative perspectives. Hernes, H., & Skjeie, H. (1997). Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. African Americans were routinely deprived of the opportunity to participate in democracy, and Hispanics and other minority groups were fairly insignificant in number and excluded by the states. An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the "what is" of a topic. Lexington: D. C. Heath. to the people they represent. 2. Sociologist. 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. In B. Grofman et al. This conclusion is complicated by the fact that some regard equal group level outcomes not as a good in and by itself but as the best available proxy for equal opportunities given available data and conventional statistical techniques (Phillips 2004). Movies represent cultural values and Disney's legacy of mostly white princesses depicts our racist society. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. In 1971, to better represent their interests, these representatives founded the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC), an organization that grew out of a Democratic select committee formed in 1969. Substantive and Descriptive Representation in Swiss Cantons This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. Like Mink, many other women sought and won political office, many with the help of the NWPC. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation - SpringerLink Second, this same information reveals to us when somebody is strange, or something improper is going on. A major reason is that until well into the twentieth century, white men of European background constituted an overwhelming majority of the voting population. The two main types of representation are descriptive and agency representation. Being a high school student I never payed much attention to anything outside of sports, academics and what crazy adventure me and my friends would be sucked into the upcoming weekend. Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Proportional Representation: Definition, Example, Pros & Cons Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. The contention is that such similarity in success prospects requires social and economic redistribution and not only anti-discrimination and equal treatment (what Rawls refers to as formal equal opportunities). Pearl Necklace for Women, 18K Gold Staion Neckalce Tin Cup Pearl Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Cleveland State Law Review, 39(3), 269300. Descriptive statistics is a form of analysis that helps you by describing, summarizing, or showing data in a meaningful way. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. Gender as seriality: Thinking about women as a social collective. Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. The mission of the fellowship is to support and advance academic and practitioner-scholars in their gender-related research. Goodin highlights that legislatures and governments need not include all groups and subgroups in society to represent the fact of diversity. What is a Descriptive Representative? | PS: Political Science Feminizing politics. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Oxford: Oxford University Press. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. Pros of Representative Democracy. Professionals often use descriptive statistics to communicate simple trends within a data set. While Congress is dominantly a male, white institution, the creation of majority-minority districts in the early 1990s resulted in the election of African-Americans and Hispanics to Congress. Nevertheless in a country where nearly 50% of Americans under 18 are minorities, the future looks quite hopeful for real change. (2004). MMP will give voters more power in their decisions as well as create the kind of democratic government Canada is in dire need of. Horizontal Communication The chapter discusses the costs and benefits of descriptive representation under state feminism in the light of institutional variation and the fact of reasonable normative disagreement. The pros of mixed-member proportional representation Profiles: Google Scholar, Dataverse, OSF, R-Forge, Mastodon, YouTube, Libra.unine.ch, (Figshare), (SSRN), (Kudos). Signs, 19(3), 630657. - 136.243.94.45. Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions. African Americans made up the largest percentage, with forty-eight members, while Latinos accounted for thirty-two members, up from nineteen just over a decade before. The goal of a time restriction is to create a measurable outcome so that metrics can be in place. If you are doing a comparison between two products, you might give one product an unfair advantage to get the desired results. Descriptive representation A belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in such key demographic characteristics as race, gender, ethnicity, or religion Racial gerrymandering The drawing of a legislative district to maximize th chance that a minority candidate will win the election Veto Democratic legitimacy. While women in many western states could vote sooner, all women were not able to exercise their right to vote nationwide until passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, and they began to make up more than 5 percent of either chamber only in the 1990s. It is the land of oppression to progression, yet we still wear our scars and our heads up high. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. In todays world, these injustices still remain an issue and arguably have become worst. Toggle navigation. Oxford: Polity Press. Compare the gains and losses of a proposal in the decision-making process. Swain, C. M. (1993). Main Research Question. The imaginary domain: Abortion, pornography and sexual harassment. Tests: The Material and Tangible Effects of Descriptive Representation. - Volume 55 Issue 2. 3. 1. Get full access to this article. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. However, in substantive representation, it is not necessary for the representative to have a similar background or shared characteristics with the people he represents. Ironic to think that is how one is taught to act but stereotypes are now bigger than ever right? Cambridge: Polity Press. The descriptive characteristics of a representative can lull voters into thinking their substantive interests are being represented even when this is not the case. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons. Advantage. terminology - What is the difference between descriptive and Individuals may not be voting on individual issues within a representative democracy, but they can still have their opinions heard. suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. Proportional representation is a system of political representation that has been growing by leaps and bounds. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). The Limits of Descriptive Representation Current Affairs Mansbridge, J. Guinier, L. (1994). What Are the Advantages of Qualitative Research? Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. Justice and the politics of difference. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. Political liberalism. As graphical representations are exhibited through numerical figures, tables, or graphs, it usually involves fewer errors and mistakes. On the negative side, descriptive research can sometimes be skewed to fit the needs of the researcher. Sound Bar vs. Surround Sound - Pros and cons - Descriptive Audio 3. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation - ResearchGate Multicultural citizenship. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. The procedures involved with experimental research make it possible to isolate specific variables within virtually any topic. State feminism and political representation. Qualitative research, such as surveys and interviews, make information relatable to the reader. The institutional basis of democratic accountability. Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research Varied. 1938). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Minorities can be said to place themselves at a disadvantage because of their vulnerability and stubborn inability to, The fact that the social disorganization theory is pretty much you will that one one individual is influence of the people around him if he is in a neighbor hood known of robberies then the individual is more than likely going to be doing robberies. From state-managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. The documentary forces us to, The United States is the most racially diverse nation in the world. Tests: The Cognitive Impact of Descriptive Representation. This forces the government to dissolve the coalition. Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. In this way, it couldn't just be that distinctive individuals lived in the high-wrongdoing territories than in the low-wrongdoing zones. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons - Verint The theory of the politics of presence (Phillips 1995) provides reasons for expecting a link between descriptive and substantive representation. Lafont, C. (2006). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Your email address will not be published. 23 Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research Wagle Estate, Thane-400604, Maharashtra, India. In J. Parkinson & J. Mansbridge (Eds. While London: Routledge. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the the different types of All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. Fraser, N. (2003). Descriptive Research Design - Methods, Advantages & Disadvantages Caption. If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Descriptive studies include case reports, case-series, qualitative studies and surveys (cross-sectional) studies, which measure the frequency of several factors, and hence the size of the problem. In Y. Galligan (Ed. This essay will proceed as follows. Another argument in favor of descriptive research is that once information is assembled, there are many ways to apply it. U.S Congress.docx - Surname 1 Name: Professor: Course: PDF A Study of Strengths and Weaknesses of Descriptive Assessment from - ed Equal opportunity and equal social outcome. Secondly, response rate is low in this research. Cornell, D. (1998). Get Access. Summarize a large amount of data in a visual, easily interpretable form Make trends easier to highlight than tables do it helps in studying patterns over long period of time it is used to compare data sets. This at times has started a great racial tension which has been negative but, shows some of the true colors of American which I feel is greatly needed. Pros and Cons of different Prescriptive Analytics technologies Olsen, J. P. (2013). Bicameral legislature emanates from the concept of representative democracy. Should Congress Look Like America? Rallies and protests have emerged from incidents that dealt with racial profiling. Institutionalizing intersectionality. Grofman, B. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. Although the federal government of the United States is said to strive to construct a homogeneous nation when it comes to equal rights and opportunities for its citizens in different states and cities, there have been numerous historical occurrences that demonstrate opposing aims. 2 Winter 2014, Intersecting Interests: Gender, Race and Congressional Attention to Womens Issues, RETHINKING WOMEN'S SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION. Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. Market Research World: What are The Pros and Cons of Data Collection Methods? History shows how minorities within America have been marginalized. PR potentially offers greater and more-representative choice for voters. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Lovenduski, J. Descriptive Representation in Election Administration Sound bar - Pros and Cons. Waterfall model is the very first model that is used in SDLC. Emerald: Bingley. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. Hollis earned a degree in English Literature from the University of Florida. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutions website, please contact your librarian or administrator. In the most comprehensive treatment on this subject to date, this article demonstrates that states with higher turnover rates and citizen legislatures are more conducive to the election of Latinos and demonstrates the institutional and demographic differences among several states affecting Latino descriptive representation. Post- 2000 redistricting created more majority-Latino districts, although the absolute number of Latino legislators did not increase correspondingly. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. $\endgroup . This advantage makes it possible to determine if outcomes are viable. New York: Palgrave. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. For example, you work for a television station and want to understand your viewers better. States of democracy: A gender perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press. blurted this. Theory Given that the case study focuses on an Australian MEM representative, I will use the definition of 'ethnic' by Gianni Zappala. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a thesis. 5 No. The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. How Do Parliamentarians Define Descriptive Representation? A political-philosophical exchange. that: The most affecting descriptive writing results from an author's providing not a linguistic blueprint of a library but the raw material (the air tinged with the scent of old pages, the shafts of dusty light through the window slats, the whispers, like trickling water, of the librarians behind the oval reference desk) from which the reader can erect her own library. Does Grading Matter In College? - TheBestSchools.org However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. Given Australia's ethnic diversity, it is agreed by most political and sociological scholars that such diversity is lacking in Australian legislative bodies.1 A point of contention lies in whether MEM representatives are able to actually implement legislation that will represent the views of minorities in their electorate (substantive representation) or whether the number of MEM representatives in legislative bodies is sufficient for representation (descriptive representation).2 In this essay, after discussing the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation, I will argue that both theories are linked because elected minority representatives are often best equipped at dealing with the issues of minorities and that MEM representatives have a positive impact on voters. 2. Quantitative Methodology. Walby, S. (2011). Reliance on analytical thinki ng. The descriptive representation of gender: An anti-essentialist argument. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Should representatives be typical of their constituents? Pros and Cons List Template | Miro In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter.