She was the wife of Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauescu (1918-89), who ruled Romania with an iron fist in the years 1965-89. Ion Mihai Pacepa, the former head of Romanias intelligence service, who defected in 1978, wrote in his 1987 book Red Horizons that Ceauescu demanded he arrange for universities in New York and Washington to award her honorary titles. She was also the head of many different government departments having to do with the sciences. According to Behr, the chancellor of London University, Professor Sir Philip Norman, publicly praised Elena's work, despite the fact that she never wrote a single word of any of her publications. Ceausescu Execution Video Faked, Experts Say | AP News On the afternoon of 25 December 1989 in Trgovite, they were turned over to a firing squad and executed. After leaving school with very basic education, she moved to Bucharest to work in a textile factory before eventually joining the Romanian Communist Party prior to the outbreak of WW2. They were buried together at Bucharest . In 1939, she met Nicolae Ceauescu, who by all accounts was a much more dedicated communist than she. Today, the grave is open to the public and is often visited on our range of tours to Romania. [30], In 1989, Prime Minister Petre Roman told French television that the execution was carried out quickly due to rumors that loyalists would attempt to rescue the couple. Only their first wish is granted. : 180", Enhanced Personality Cult for Elena Ceauescu, Ceauescus Scharfrichter der Diktator und sein Henker, "RAD Background Report/135 (Romania) 27 July 1984 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE CEAUSESCU CLAN", Amazon sale of Elena Ceausescu PhD thesis, "Viata lui Ceausescu. During the 1970s and 80s, she was one of the two most powerful women on earth (the other was was Margaret Thatcher, the Prime Minister of Great Britain). elena ceausescu smell Ion Iliescu, Romania's provisional president, supported holding a trial first. However, the constitutions of communist countries stipulated that citizens had both a right and an obligation to work. In fact, I believe that she did not even read those works because I very much doubt she had the ability to understand them, he says. [40] The investigation that led to the indictments had previously been closed in 2009, but was re-opened in 2016 as the result of a trial at the European Court of Human Rights. All the publishers have guidelines stating that false claims of authorship and plagiarism are grounds for retraction. [31] Simon Sebag Montefiore wrote that, before the sentences were carried out, Elena Ceauescu screamed, "You sons of bitches!" Fox furs, leopard, zebra pelts, jaguar and . Feel free to get in contact with us if you have anymore enquiries. Driven by a desire to be powerful and respected, and buoyed up by Stalinist ideas about gaining prestige through scientific acumen, Elena turned to the field of chemistry. Dumbrav says she had a childish desire to be showered with gifts from around the world as a sign of her prestige. The author of numerous scientific publications and the recipient of multiple honorary fellowships and degrees, Elena Ceausescu was one of the most respected scientists of her time. Read another story from us:The Communist Romanian government had striking miners deliberately irradiated in order to trigger cancer. Eventually, Elena became the head of Romania's Institute for Chemistry. Gen. C-tin Lucescu, despre procesul Ceauetilor: Nu a existat niciun fel de dosar. His 1936 mugshot at age 18 still haunts the internet. Elena Ceausescu, whose husband Nicolae Ceausescu kept an iron grip on Romania for 24 years from 1965 to 1989, was better known for fur coats than shoes. (Pacepa 180). The Ceauescus took another car and told its driver, Nicolae Petrior, to drive them to Trgovite. Nicolae Ceausescu held Romania in an iron grip as communist leader from 1965 to 1989. Pacepa, Ion Mihai, and Mihai Pacepa.Red Horizons: The True Story of Nicolae and Elena Ceasescus Crimes, Lifestyle, and Corruption. In her free time, she attended meetings of the Youth Communists' League, where she met her soon-to-be husband Nicolae. She was deeply involved in party administration alongside her husband, and was one of the few spouses of a Communist Party leader to have a high political profile of her own. 73-year-old Elena Ceaucescu would be the first woman executed by post-communist Romania. In the name of the self-correcting nature of science, as well as the hard-earned Romanian democracy, we ask that you consider retracting the titles bearing her name, as her authorship on these works is not only fraudulent, but an offense to Romanian anti-communist protesters who were killed during the Romanian Revolution, as well as every Romanian scientist who has ever done honest work. As Elena traveled the world, she became more and more jealous of what others had. [2], Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu were convicted of all charges and condemned to death in what amounted to a show trial. Have a question about travelling to North Korea? A ten-member tribunal was formed to try the case. Killing them both instantly. (qtd. I knew from the very beginning that all papers resulted from these joint projects would have Elena Ceauescu as the first author, but I accepted the situation due to the location of the laboratory and also because the projects I participated in involved high-quality scientific research which offered me the opportunity to learn a lot and gain research expertise.. Since the Revolutions of 1989, several scientists have claimed that Ceauescu had forced them to write papers in her name,[3][12][13] and that the university gave her the honour of the doctorate solely because of her political position. Apply within! She never even acknowledged our existence. Following the execution, both the Romanian dictator and his wife were buried in Ghencea Cemetery in the Romanian capital of Bucharest. Those few who refused found themselves never receiving a promotion again or teaching classes in the provinces. Apollo, 2021. Absolute Power: The Astonishing Personal Photos Of Nicolae Ceausescu It was just a matter of chance, he says. We have a long and proud history of arranging cultural projects with the Korean people; be it through art, sport, or whatever medium brings people together. In official statements, she was referred to as the Mother of the Nation. Many Romanians had other not so flattering names for her. Elena Ceauescu (Romanian pronunciation:[elena tea.uesku]; ne Lenua Petrescu; 7 January 1916[2] 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who was the wife of Nicolae Ceauescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania. Well, kind of, Video shows Memphis jailers beating Black inmate before his death, Skin lesion removed from President Bidens chest last month was cancerous, doctor says, Desperate mountain residents trapped by snow beg for help; We are coming, sheriff says, Newsom, IRS give Californians until October to file tax returns, 15 arrested across L.A. County in crackdown on fraudulent benefit cards. Starting in July 1972, Elena Ceauescu started getting various offices at senior levels in the Romanian Communist Party. Elena Ceauescu ( Romanian pronunciation: [elena tea.uesku]; ne Lenua Petrescu; 7 January 1916 [2] - 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who was the wife of Nicolae Ceauescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania. Elena Ceausescu - Romanian Dictators Wife and Fake Scientist.Stuff.Co.Nz, 12 July 2017, https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/94679348/roger-hanson-elena-ceausescu--romanian-dictators-wife-and-fake-scientist. [13] Teodorescu met the couple for the first time in the Trgovite "court room", when he was given ten minutes to consult with his clients. The Last Days of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu [37], The hasty trial and the images of the dead Ceauescus were videotaped and the footage promptly released in numerous Western countries two days after the execution. Honorary Member of the Council of the Central University of Ecuador and of the Institute of Natural Sciences of the Central University of Ecuador (Quito, 1973). She was mocked by many, including an official who called her by this nickname during her show trial. But in Romania, demands for democracy saw Ceausescu order his troops to open fire on demonstrators. Nicolae Ceauescu (left), his parents (center) and his wife, Elena (right). Romania sells communist luxuries of ex-ruler Ceausescu - BBC News The absolute up to date on guide, facts and fun information about where we visit and what we do, YPT Southern Iraq tour standing in Firdos "Paradis, While the idea of North Korea customs might, YPT's Spring Socotra group tour posing in front of, Greetings from #Australia! Now, without further ado, lets delve into five shocking facts about Elena: the wife of the Romanian dictator who ruled the country for over two decades. Edited by P. Gethers, Villard Books, 1991. Photo byhttp://fototeca.iiccr.ro. By all accounts, her vanity and desire for honours exceeded that of her husband. Elena Ceausescu Tried to Flee Execution - Los Angeles Times Mircea Corciovei, a scientist at ICECHIM recalled that in her [Ceauescus] new position it was very difficult to talk to her. In contrast Elena Ceausescu smelled badly of body odour. [6] The helicopter pilot claimed to be in danger of anti-aircraft fire, so he landed on the BucharestTrgovite road, near Geti. Our institute, as it is now, has no [qualification] in determining whether Elena Ceauescu would have asked to be the co-author of some scientific works to which she did not contribute, and even more, to ask the publishers to withdraw her name from the published works, she said. They also want Ceauescus honorary titles, awards and PhD to be revoked, and for institutions that honoured her including the UKs Royal Society of Chemistry and the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) to withdraw recognition and acknowledge that her scientific career was bogus. As a result, the state Television of Romania was given direct orders from the regime to put the utmost care into their portrayal of her on TV. I expressed a strong opposition to such a step.. Elena Ceauescu was buried in Ghencea Cemetery. However, the real story is that she paid off/coerced noted scientists to write her doctorate and other papers. They. Account. It was on Christmas Day 30 years ago that Romania's tyrannical communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu was executed by firing squad after a summary trial. What they found when they arrived were closed doors and a note saying that the public presentation had been moved to 6 am and was already over. ", Transcript of the closed trial of Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trial_and_execution_of_Nicolae_and_Elena_Ceauescu&oldid=1140215115. As far as anyone can tell, it was love at first sight for Nicolae, and many Romanians and historians believe that almost from the start, Elena had him in the palm of her hand. He did introduce some benefits to workers and over the course of his first years in office, made his own way in foreign policy at a time when most communist regimes in Eastern Europe took their cues from Moscow. She was not even very brightin fact, almost illiteratebut, through devious and fraudulent means, she managed to become one of the most lauded chemists in the mid-twentieth century. Chris Isloi, a neuroscience and psychology researcher based in London, and Andrei Dumbrav, a doctor and senior lecturer at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University in Iai, are leading the call to have the scientific record corrected. The pair were accused of ordering the deaths of 60,000 people during their reign and stashing up to a billion dollars in foreign bank accounts. When coal miners went on strike in 1977, party apparatchiks told the miners that their Great Leader and his wife were personally working on a solution to their problems and couldnt meet with them. [33] In 1990, a member of the National Salvation Front reported that 120 bullets were found in the couple's bodies. In June 1973, she became a member of the Politburo of the Romanian Communist Party, becoming the second most important and influential person after her husband. According to Romania Experience, Elena was involved with the Ceausescu family through being in a casual relationship with Ceaucescus brother before eventually falling in love with Nicolae. While we canno, according to one of the men who killed the coupl, Turkmenistan reopens to tourism March 1st 2023. As they were halfway there, the Romanian dictator and his wife prepared to say their final words. The only result, however, was Elenas wrath.. Honorary Member of the Mexican Chemical Society (1975), This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 07:50. Its always complicated to tell the whole story for people who never experienced any kind of totalitarianism. Die Traumkarriere Der Elena Ceausescu.Mdr.De, 5 Mar. The pair had fled from power in a . Those who took part in the deception were not penalised. Photo byThe Romanian Communism Online Photo Collection. I will not go to Illi-whatever it is [sic]. They were tried based on references, solely by offense-name or hearsay, to criminal acts they had committed in the opinion of prosecutors, or as alleged in press reports. According to Ion Mihai Pacepa, a former chief of Romania's foreign intelligence service and author of the book Red Horizons: The True Story of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescus' Crimes, Lifestyle, and Corruption, Elena was livid: "Come off it! [22] In March 1974, she was made a member of the Romanian Academy's Section for Chemical Sciences. In March 1980, she was made a First Deputy Prime Minister, a state title she held until she was executed in the Romanian Revolution. They made it to a small town 50 miles north of the capital called Targoviste, where they were subsequently arrested by the military and placed on trial. While in prison, Ceauescu became a protg of his cell mate, the Communist leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who would become the undisputed Communist leader of Romania beginning in 1952. Nicolae refused to share power with her and Elena's gender and lack of education barred her from true political ascendancy within the Party. 25 Years After Death, A Dictator Still Casts A Shadow In Romania - NPR.org At first, Ceauescu was a relatively popular figure, as far as communist leaders go. The only problem was that she pretty much illiterate due to her lack of education as a child. Houchang Esfandiar Chehabi, Juan Jos Linz, O. Solomon, E. Ceauescu, S. Bittman, B. Hlevca, I. Florescu, E. Mihilescu i I. Ciut, Polimerizarea stereospecific a izoprenului cu trietilaluminiu i tetraclorur de titan, as cited in Lavinia Betea et al. Ce au decis judectorii", "Television shows last hours of the 'anti-Christ', "Nicolae Ceausescu's Grave Sightseeing", "Romanian Ex-President Iliescu Indicted For 'Crimes Against Humanity', "Romania Indicts Former Officials for Usurping 1989 Revolution", "Mori NEELUCIDATE care pteaz imaginea justiiei din Romnia", "How many countries still have the death penalty? It was impossible for him to discover the extent of her knowledge of chemistry, for she never discussed the scientific aspects of the institutes work, concerning herself only with political and administrative matters Corciovei discovered she didnt know what a chromatograph was, and didnt recognise the formula for sulphuric acid H2SO4 taught to first-year chemistry students.. We can partner with travel agencies or individuals who want to sell our group tours to individuals or small groups, Find out what makes YPT stand out from the crowd and how we got to where we are today. Sotii Ceausescu au fost ucisi pentru a salva administratia comunista, care dureaza si azi, "Lovitur cumplit pentru Ion Iliescu! But when Corciovei showed up, the door was locked. Fiul poporului" .pdf, Ceausescu, obsesia nemarturisita a romanilor, Transcript of the Trial of December 25, 1989, Chapter 96 Life under Communism: Hell on Earth, Biographical Sketches of the Ceausescu Clan, "Espacenet list of patents with inventor 'Ceauescu Elena', "@njbirse The process of revoking her association with the Royal Institute of Chemistry our antecedent society unt", "President's Week in Review: April 7 April 13, 1975", "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1984", "Biografia Elenei Ceauescu, n "Mic dicionar enciclopedic", 1972", "Why Ceausescu's 1978 state visit was far more humiliating than Trump's ever could be", Transcript of the closed trial of Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elena_Ceauescu&oldid=1141870859, Malaysia: Honorary Grand Commander of the. The couple had two final wishes: that they die together and that their hands not be tied. new affordable housing in richmond bc; johns hopkins all children's hospital t shirt Men umschalten. Our North Korea independent tours are suitable for solo travellers, families, couples, friends, or for people who simply cant find group tour dates to match. As is the Romanian politicians objective of having academic titles or PhDs, which is looked upon as a consequence of the obsession that the Ceauescus had of embodying both political and scientific figures.. [9] The members of the panel were all military judges. The Ceauescus personality cult on full display, 1986. Hundreds of people came to listen to the president's wife present her work. The execution happened too quickly for the television crew assigned to the trial and death sentence to videotape it in full; only the last round of shots was filmed. elena ceausescu smell. Ceausescu ruled Romania for 25 years with an iron fist before being ousted and executed during the 1989 anti-communist revolt in which more than 1,000 people were killed. (qtd. What Colombia plans for their descendants, Messy storms roll eastward after slamming Texas, Louisiana, Ukrainians dig up more bodies from makeshift graves in once-occupied towns, New crew from U.S, Russia and UAE arrives at space station, Two Americans arrested on charges of selling tech to Russia. Then he shouted; Long Live the Socialist Republic of Romania. As Nicholae began his rise to power in 1965, Elena found herself sidelined, despite her previous work as a communist activist. (2012), Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 07:50, Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu, 2500th Anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire, Order of the Liberator General San Martn, Timisoara: The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution, "FOND C.C. The trial of Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu was held on 25 December 1989 by an Exceptional Military Tribunal, a drumhead court-martial created at the request of a newly formed group called the National Salvation Front. Let Us Now Praise a Famous Woman: The Questionable Wisdom of British Institutions in Honouring Elena Ceausescu in the Late 1970s.New Scientist, Jan. 1990, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12517004-500-forum-let-us-now-praise-a-famous-woman-the-questionable-wisdom-of-british-institutions-in-honouring-elena-ceausescu-in-the-late-1970s/. Following the guilty verdict and condemning them to death, both Nicolae and Elena had their arms tied behind their backs with rope before being led into a courtyard to be executed. Many Romanians have. as she was led outside and lined up against the wall, while Nicolae Ceauescu sang "The Internationale". Nicolae Ceauescu: Builder of Modern Romania and International Statesman, Romanias minister of innovation resigned. Petrior took the couple to an agricultural centre near Trgovite, where they were locked in an office and were later arrested by soldiers from a local army garrison. That book based on Ceauescus PhD was published by Pergamon under the title Stereospecific Polymerization of Isoprene and carries a foreword by the Nobel prize-winning British chemist Dorothy Hodgkin, who wrote: I am not equipped myself with enough technical knowledge of the field of this work to give a critical scientific evaluation of its contents. Photo by Fototeca online a comunismului romnesc. In July 1971, after a mini-cultural revolution launched by her husband, she was elected a member of the Central Commission on Socio-Economic Forecasting. [38] Later that day, it was also shown on Romanian television. The only ones who are entitled to do this are the co-authors themselves.. Romania. "[14] The dissertation is titled the "Stereospecific Polymerization of Isoprene" and has substantial scientific value, being still bought [15] and cited today. Similar requests have been sent to Wiley and to Taylor & Francis. Elena Ceausescu (1916-89) was the wife of Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu (1918-89). elena ceausescu smell - kazuyasu.net Ceauescu was given many honorary awards for scientific achievement in the field of polymer chemistry during the period when her husband ruled Romania. She was known as an exceptionally vindictive person whose bad side you did not want to be on. Born at the height of WW1 in 1916, Elena Ceausescu was born to a peasant family in the Romanian region of Wallachia. A title like "The rise and fall of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu" suggested that this was a biography of Romania's power couple and the author's credentials as a renowned Oxford historian gave hope that this would be an in depth history but I was disappointed in both respects. [17][18][19][20] Contributing to the humorous effect, "codoi" is an actual word in Romanian, meaning "big tail". Nicu Ceausescu (center) with unidentified women during the 1976 party. [41] On 1 March 1990, Colonel Gic Popa, who presided over the trial and was promoted to General, was found dead in his office. Honorary member of the College of Chemists and Chemical Engineers of Costa Rica (San Jose, 1973). Independent and Free!. Side by side with the President was his wife, Elena. She, as well as her husband, insisted, until the very end, that her academic achievements were not only valid, but also well-earned. In only a matter of days, Elena transformed from one of the most prestigious scientists in Europe to a state criminal facing a firing squad. She is named as co-inventor on a number of patents,[23] but many scientists claim she forced them to share credit on the patents. Los Angeles, The problem with Pablo Escobars hippos. 1948), Zoia (19492006) and Nicu (19511996). One question in particular, posed by a prosecutor to Elena, not only sums up the Professor Doctor Engineer's entire trajectory, but also speaks to us today, as more and more instances of research malpractice come to light: "And who wrote the papers for you, Elena?" [7] In a similar vein, Stnculescu told the BBC in 2009 that the trial was "not just, but it was necessary" because the alternative would have been seeing Nicolae lynched on the streets of Bucharest. Elena began attending night-school courses in chemistry at the Bucharest Municipal Adult Education Institute. Arrival ceremony for President Ceausescu of Romania, south balcony of the White House. They felt deeply insultedThey rejected [his] help after that. Over the course of his rule, Ceauescu and his wife organized a cult of personality around the leader, which in many ways paralleled that of Mao, Stalin, and Hitler. in Behr 184). She wanted to be called Professor Doctor Engineer, and she found no opposition at the Romanian Academy, since resistance was both futile and dangerous. Elena Ceausescu Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Latinx Files: In praise of Jenna Ortega, Aubrey Plaza and moody, deadpan Latinas, Murdaughs fall from grace ends in a life sentence for murder, CPAC shows the GOP has deep divisions heading into 2024, Abortion clinics crossing state borders not always welcome, Black Vietnam veteran awarded Medal of Honor after decades-long wait, Toxic forever chemicals about to get their first U.S. limits, Hidden, illegal casinos are booming in L.A., with organized crime reaping big profits, Look up: The 32 most spectacular ceilings in Los Angeles. Sloppy science is ubiquitous, [much of it] a consequence of Elena Ceauescus nefarious and outsized influence in the 70s and 80s.. The organizers of which, after reading her work that she didnt actually write, assumed she was an expert. Other articles where Elena Ceauescu is discussed: Nicolae Ceauescu: In 1939 he married Elena Petrescu, a Communist activist. elena ceausescu smell After leaving school with very basic education, she moved to Bucharest to work in a textile factory before eventually joining the Romanian Communist Party prior to the outbreak of WW2. Obviously, everyone knew she was an imposter. Aspecte de teorie si practica judiciara. elena ceausescu smell - theicebird.at Multisensorial exhibition. Deposed Romanian president Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena have been shot by a firing squad after a secret military tribunal found them both guilty of crimes against the state. Elena Ceauescu | wife of Nicolae Ceauescu | Britannica Join one of our Worldwide Adventures to places as diverse as Cuba, The Philippines, Cambodia, Nepal, or Antarctica, with off the wall places your mother would rather you stayed away from being added all the time. She was the wife of Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauescu (1918-89), who ruled Romania with an iron fist in the years 1965-89. [8], Several countries criticized the new rulers of Romania after the execution due to lack of public trial. Both she and her husband eventually ran the nation less like a communist one and more like their own personal fiefdom many have compared the Ceauescu family to a Mafia organization. A panic-stricken Elena Ceausescu turned to her ousted dictator husband as they were put before a firing squad and said: Nicolae, they are going to shoot us, and then tried to break loose, according to an army captain who saw the execution. Offence of destruction of public property by destroying and damaging buildings, explosions in cities, etc. For instance, she was never supposed to be shown in profile because of her large nose and overall homely appearance.[3]. Trial and Execution Google Arts & Culture Have you got what it takes? u.a. Her international fame was supported by forcing Romanian chemists to write papers, some of which were published in international journals, as well as a book that was translated in English and published by Pergamon Press, a widely known British academic publisher, Isloi says. During the 1970s and 80s, she was one of the two most powerful women on earth (the other was was Margaret Thatcher, the Prime Minister of Great Britain). The reputation of the couple has softened among some Romanians in recent years. Those opposing Ceauescu, his wife, their family and cronies many times disappeared for good. 0 Wishlist. The presentation never occurred. She wouldnt hear of having just any job. what to do with snake holes in yard. Four top Ceauescu aides later admitted complicity in genocide in 1990. Naturally, Elena sought what was probably the most prestigious scientific honor in Europe: membership in Britain's Royal Society. But her name lives on in academic journals, and British institutions have yet to retract honours bestowed on her. When the Ceausescus traveled abroad for state visits, ceremonies had to be negotiated prior to the trip in which Elena would receive honorary degrees and other rewards for her scientific work. hellcat vs p938; simple small front yard landscaping ideas low maintenance; jenny's super stretchy bind off in the round; senate democratic media center She is said to have spent hours listening to the tapes, in particular the people she didnt like within the party such as Violeta Andrei. Ultimately, she became Chair of the National Council for Science and Technology and controlled all scientific research in the country, although she knew nothing about it. She gave orders, she wanted no arguments, Behr writes. If you think that people who deliberately engage in dubious scientific practices like plagiarism, falsification of results, or attendance at fake conferences represent the worst of scientific misconductthen you have clearly never heard of Elena Ceausescu. Destruction of public property by destroying and damaging buildings, explosions in cities, etc. A commotion broke out and one of the Romanian soldiers escorting them is said to have screamed at Elena to get a move on. The latter did not respond to a request for comment on the call to revoke Ceauescus credentials, but in a statement the Royal Society of Chemistry said We acknowledge the lasting impact of Elena Ceauescu being granted such recognition and the importance of clarifying her place in the history of science. I will not!" [17] At one point, their forcibly-assigned lawyers abandoned their clients' defence and joined with the prosecutor, accusing them of capital crimes instead of defending them. She routinely sought international recognition from other scientists. The trial was held immediately, without a prior. Ceauescu fled with her husband on 22 December 1989, after the events in Timioara led to the Romanian Revolution, but she and her husband were captured in the town of Trgovite.
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